Magnetic resonance imaging features and differential diagnosis of multiple gliomas / 医学研究生学报

Objective The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns of multiple gliomas are insufficiently understood because the related studies are rarely reported and mostly with small-size samples. This article summarizes the MR manifestations of multiple gliomas, analyzes their imaging features and proposes some diagnostic ideas. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 303 cases of diffuse glioma pathologically confirmed in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2018, including 240 cases of solitary (79.2%) and 63 cases of multiple gliomas (20.8%). We analyzed the MRI manifestations, summarized the MRI patterns, and investigated the differential diagnosis of multiple gliomas. Results According to the growth patterns, 4 of the 63 cases of multiple gliomas were classified as multicentric and the other 59 as multifocal glioma, and of the 59 cases of multifocal glioma, 35 spread along the white matter fiber bundle, 24 along the subependymal and small vessel space, 6 along the meningia-subarachnoid space, and 41 in a mode of direct invasion. The manifestations of cortical involvement included cortical tubers (37.2% [16/43]), multiple cortical tubers with high-intensity signals on T2WI, diffuse cortical swelling (44.2% [19/43]), frontal cortical swelling with high-intensity signals on T2FLAIR, and enhancement along the cortex (37.2% [16/43]). Interfocal heterogeneity was observed in 45 of 63 cases (71.4%). The imaging features of the lesions were classified into 5 types: metastasis (69.8%), granulomatosis (4.8%), abscess (12.7%), encephalitis (6.3%) and metabolic encephalopathy (6.3%). Conclusion The specific MRI presentations of multiple gliomas are cortical involvement and interfocal heterogeneity. The 5 MRI features of multiple gliomas may help improve the differential diagnosis of the lesions.

Contamination and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens from chicken in Macao / 中国人兽共患病学报

We determine the contamination and genotypes of Clostridium perfringens isolated from chickens in Macau.C. perfringens were isolated from these samples by double tube method and then identified by biochemical test.Genotyping of i-solated strains was determined by multiplex PCR.A total of 120 samples,the positive rates were 37.5%,respectively.All of the isolated strains were type A.This study indicated that contamination of C.perfringens type A exists in chicken intestines, fresh chickens and chilled chickens in Macau,and provided reference data for the public health problems caused by C.perfrin-gens.

Molecular characteristics and immune evasion strategies of ORFV: a review / 病毒学报

Contagious ecthyma (also known as orf) is an acute skin zoonosis caused by orf virus (ORFV), which affects sheep, goats and humans. As one of the typical species of the Parapoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family, orf virus has distinctive and unique characteristics of these species. A range of immuno-modulatory/pathogenesis -related genes acquired by virus that function is to limit (at least transiently) the effectiveness of host immunity during its evolution. This review is aimed to describe the latest progress on the molecular characteristics of ORFV, and upon which we analyzed molecular mechanism of the immune escape designed and a set of strategies developed for ORFV to effective against immune clearance of the host. Known as an essential component in evolutionary system, host is regulated by ORFV for using in population evolution. By the ORFV evolutional immune regulation components and its effect approach, we can understand the viral biological characteristics of ORFV, and it is helpful for us to further study the counter-measures of this disease.

Investigation of the allocation of equipment among the major research agencies for occupational health and medicine / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the allocation of instruments and equipment in major research institutions for occupational health and medicine in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Questionnaire was designed for collecting the information of the equipment used in occupational health and medicine research. Questionnaires were distributed to 78 research agencies to investigate the situation of allocation of instrument and equipment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was a great diversity of allocation in investigated agencies. The features in three kinds of agencies are different. The occupational health agencies in universities fit out the biological equipment in laboratories. The occupational health laboratories in CDCs were equipped with the chemical analytical devices. The institutes of occupational medicine were equipped with the clinical inspection instruments.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The protocol of sharing resource and predominance complementation should be established among research institutions for occupational health and medicine in the same region or neighboring provinces.</p>

Effects of bifidobacteria on respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of bifidobacterium on respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The eligible neonates were randomly assigned into two groups: observed (n=38) and control (n=43). The observed group was given bifidobacteria daily (one capsule per time, for 7 days) by nasal feeding from the next day after mechanical ventilation. Gastric pH, gastric bacteria colonization, feeding intolerance, weight gain, the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and the homology between the bacteria isolated from intra-gastric colonization with those causing VAP were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of gastric pH≤3 in the observed group was significantly higher than that in the control group 3, 5 and 7 days after mechanical ventilation (P<0.01). The rate of gastric bacteria colonization in the observed group was significantly lower than that in the control group 5 and 7 days after mechanical ventilation (P<0.01). The incidences of feeding intolerance and VAP in the observed group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). The rate of homology of the bacteria isolated from intra-gastric colonization with those causing VAP in the observed group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the weight gain between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bifidobacterium can decrease gastric pH, gastric bacteria colonization and feeding intolerance, thus blocks the infection route "stomach-oropharynx-respiratory tract" indirectly and decreases the incidence of endogenous VAP in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation.</p>

Relationship between high-sensitive c-reactive and blood pressure / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between c-reactive protein (CRP) and blood pressure in a general population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly selected 3889 subjects aged 18 - 74 years stratified by gender and age in Baqiao, a rural area of Jiangsu Province. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on medical history, smoking, alcohol intake and use of medications. Blood pressure was measured by mercury sphygmomanometer. Serum CRP (hCRP) concentration was measured using a high sensitivity BNprosec immunonephelometric assay. Subjects were divided into 4 groups according to their interquartile range of CRP levers: group Q1 (men hCRP < 2.04 mg/L; women hCRP < 1.80 mg/L); group Q2 (men 2.04 mg/L ≤ hCRP < 3.01 mg/L; women 1.80 mg/L ≤ hCRP < 2.76 mg/L); group Q3 (men 3.01 mg/L ≤ hCRP < 4.14 mg/L; women 2.76 mg/L ≤ hCRP < 3.84 mg/L); and group Q4 (men 4.14 mg/L ≤ hCRP; women 3.84 mg/L ≤ hCRP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Systolic blood pressure (SBP, adjusted P = 0.016) and pulse pressure (PP, adjusted P = 0.003) of men and PP (adjusted P = 0.002) of women were increased in proportion to increased CRP levels. Diastolic blood pressure was not associated with CRP levels. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that logCRP was independently associated with SBP and PP in men and PP in women. hCRP was independently associated with hypertension in men. Compared with group Q1, male people in group Q4 faced a 40.4% (95% confidence interval: 4.9% - 87.9%) higher risk of hypertension.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>hCRP was independently associated with PP in men and women, and SBP in men. hCRP was independently associated with hypertension in men but not in women in this study population.</p>

Clinical significance of dynamic pressure-volume curve in neonatal mechanical ventilation / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics and role of dynamic pressure-volume curve (P-V curve) in neonatal mechanical ventilation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A dynamic P-V curve was automatically drawn by the Stephanie ventilator. The slope rate of dynamic P-V curve was measured in 25 neonates who received mechanical ventilation 1, 24, 48 and 72 hrs after ventilation and before weaning from ventilation. Minute-ventilation (MV), mean airway pressure (Pmean), and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) were recorded. The patterns of dynamic P-V curve during abnormal ventilation (resistance to ventilator, part or complete airway obstruction, airway leaking and tracheal catheter exodus) were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the improvement of pulmonary disease, the slope rate of P-V curve and MV increased, Pmean and FiO2 decreased, and the P-V curve shifted to the volume axle. The slope rate of curve 48 and 72 hrs after ventilation and before weaning from ventilation (1.05+/-0.48, 1.10+/-0.42 and 1.13+/-0.37 mL/cmH2O respectively) increased significantly compared with that 1 hr after ventilation (0.76+/-0.53 mL/cmH2O) (p<0.05 or 0.01). Abnormal ventilation led to abnormal appearance of dynamic P-V curve.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The increasing slope rate of dynamic P-V curve and the curve shifting to volume axle in neonatal mechanical ventilation may be associated with the improvement of pulmonary disease. The appearance changes of the curve may be of value in the assessment of abnormal ventilation.</p>

Value of blood apoH gene expression and urinary NAG and RBP in early diagnosis of renal function damage in neonates / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the value of apolipoprotein H (apoH) gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and urinary N-Acetyl-beta-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) and retinal-binding protein (RBP) in the early diagnosis of renal function damage in neonates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty sick neonates who renal function damage probably occurred were enrolled. The blood and urinary samples were collected twice within 48 hrs following admission, with an interval of 12-24 hrs. Expression of apoH gene in PBMC was determined with RT-PCR. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, and urinary activities of NAG and RBP were measured with enzymatic reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The abnormal rates of blood apoH and urinary NAG and RBP were 73.3%, 83.3% and 76.7%, respectively in the first detection. The second detection for blood apoH and urinary NAG and RBP showed abnormal rates of 70.0%, 66.7% and 76.7%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the abnormal rates between the three markers either in the first or the second detection (P>0.05). Beside there were no significant significances in the abnormal rates between urinary NAG and blood BUN in the second detection, the abnormal rates of blood apoH and urinary NAG and RBP in both detections were significantly higher than those of BUN or creatinine (P<0.01 or 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There are identical values of blood apoH gene expression and urinary NAG and RBP in the early diagnosis of renal function damage in neonates. The above three markers are more sensitive to early renal function damage than blood BUN and creatinine.</p>

Curative effect of rhG-CSF on leukopenia induced by chemoradiotherapy in 140 cases of malignant tumors / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was to evaluate the effect of a Chinese genetic engineering product of rhG-CSF (Lishengsu) on leukopenia induced by chemoradiotherapy in patients with malignant solid tumors. One hundred and forty cases of leukopenia following chemoradiotherapy for malignant tumors were treated with Lishengsu. When the total leukocyte counts (WBC) less than 3.0 x 10(9)/L or the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 2.0 x 10(9)/L, Lishengsu was given 75 micro g/day subantaneously and the administration was stopped when the WBC counts rose up to 4.0 x 10(9)/L or higher, or the ANC counts reached 2.5 x 10(9)/L or more. The results showed that peripheral leukocyte counts in all patients following the treatment with Lishengsu were recovered and the average time of its administration was 4.8 days. The rate of its efficaciousness was 96.4%. It is concluded that Lishengsu could elevate nadirs of leukopenia and significantly shortened time period of leukopenia below 4.0 x 10(9)/L with acceptable mild side effects, decrease complications of infection so that the chinese product of rhG-CSF facilitates chemoradiotherapy significantly.